Modern food systems are increasingly benefiting from biotechnology in food science & nutrition, a field dedicated to enhancing food quality, safety, and nutritional value through biotechnological innovation. Fermentation technologies, genetically modified crops, and enzyme applications are being used to develop functional foods, improve shelf-life, and enrich dietary components. Probiotics and prebiotics derived from microbial biotechnology are supporting gut health and immunity, while food genomics is tailoring diets based on individual genetic profiles. Biotechnology in Food Science & Nutrition also enables detection of foodborne pathogens and contaminants using biosensors and molecular diagnostics. As consumer demand shifts toward clean-label and sustainable products, this area is instrumental in advancing personalized nutrition and alternative protein sources that align with health and environmental priorities.