Microbial biotechnology & synthetic microbiology focuses on engineering microorganisms to serve as efficient biological factories for sustainable production of fuels, chemicals, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals. By designing and rewiring metabolic pathways, scientists are enabling bacteria, yeast, and fungi to perform specialized biosynthetic tasks beyond their natural capabilities. In Synthetic Microbiology, modular genetic parts, CRISPR tools, and synthetic circuits are utilized to construct programmable microbes that respond to environmental signals, self-regulate, or produce novel compounds. These engineered strains are being applied in bioremediation, agriculture, material synthesis, and healthcare. Microbial Biotechnology & Synthetic Microbiology also support the development of microbial consortia for complex bioconversions and synthetic ecosystems. This growing discipline is pivotal to a future where microorganisms are tailored for precise industrial, medical, and environmental applications with minimal ecological impact.