The interplay between cancer cells and their surrounding ecosystem has emerged as a critical determinant of tumor progression and therapeutic response. Microbiome, Metabolism & Tumor Microenvironment collectively influence tumor growth, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. The tumor microenvironment consists of stromal cells, immune cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix components, all of which dynamically interact with malignant cells. At the same time, metabolic alterations within tumors affect nutrient utilization, signaling pathways, and cellular survival. Recent studies also demonstrate that the microbiome can modulate systemic and local immune responses, affecting how patients respond to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Understanding these intricate interactions provides opportunities to develop innovative therapies that address not only the tumor itself but also the surrounding biological ecosystem.
Advances in targeting Microbiome, Metabolism & Tumor Microenvironment are shaping the next generation of precision oncology strategies. Therapeutic approaches that modulate metabolic pathways, reprogram the tumor microenvironment, or optimize microbiome composition are being investigated to enhance the efficacy of existing treatments and overcome resistance. Integrating molecular profiling, immune characterization, and microbial analysis allows for more personalized interventions, improving patient outcomes and treatment durability. By considering the tumor within its broader biological context, researchers and clinicians can design adaptive, ecosystem-focused therapies that maximize response while minimizing toxicity, offering a promising path toward more effective and individualized cancer care.